Description: This is the presidential address by former President of the Society of Actuaries, James E. Hoskins. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1960, Vol. 12, No. 34.

Description: This discussion explores advanced funding of pension benefits under public employee retirement plans and if annual reports to participants under public employee retirement plans should include information as to the financial operation of the plan. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1961, Vol. 13, Pt. 2.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, 'The Effect of Varying Interest Rates' by Charles H. Connelly, involving the use of two interest rates, varying by duration, for valuation.

Description: This discussion on annuities and settlement options focuses on: A. Revisions made recently in the interest and mortality bases for annuity contracts and retirement income policies and for settlement options embodied in life insurance policies. B. The extent to which the use of settlement options might be justified for payees other than the insured and beneficiaries who are natural persons. C. The practical problems arising in connection with: 1 Requests for elaborate or complicated settlements 2 Liberal settlement option guarantees in outstanding policies

Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev

Description: The purpose of this paper is to suggest an improved method of future mortality improvement approximation, using the a-1949 Table as the basic table. Comparisons are shown between this method and other methods for annuitants.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, 'A Convenient Method of Providing for Mortality Improvement Based on the a-1949 Table' by James E. Hoskins. Discusses seriousness of errors that can develop under certain circumstances, provides a formula for adjusting by modes of payment, discusses circumstances in which differences between Hoskins' method and Projection B is greater than in the example used in the paper, etc.

Description: These are discussion papers on the paper, 'The ELAS Life Income Mortality Table' by Harry Walker. That paper describes the derivation of the ELAS Life Income Mortality Table, which has been adopted by the Equitable Life Assurance Society as the mortality basis for the life income option of the modes of settlement in its current series of policy forms and for the calculation of premiums under currently issued individual deferred annuity contracts.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, 'Insurance for Face Amount or Paid-Up Insurance Amount if Greater' by Cecil Nesbitt and Marjorie Van Eenam.

Description: This paper presents ratemaking for nonparticipating life insurance including the relationship between gross premiums and profit margins, suitable assumptions, a technique for evaluating in force business and demonstrating results using the methods. The paper is followed by a discussion. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1959, Vol. 11, No. 30 AB.